Quiz_Gymnosperm 1. Which character in a Cycas leaflet indicates its xerophytic nature? Epidermis with cuticle Sunken stomata All of the above Mesophyll with palisade and spongy tissue Explanation:Cycas leaflets exhibit several xerophytic adaptations such as sunken stomata, a thick cuticle, and specialized mesophyll tissue. These features help the plant conserve water and survive in dry conditions. 2. Fern and Cycas are similar in the presence of: Ciliated male gametes Cambium Seeds Trachea Explanation:Both ferns and Cycas have ciliated male gametes, which is a primitive feature. This adaptation allows the sperm to swim towards the egg in a water medium, which is essential for fertilization in these plants. 3. For the archegonium of Pinus which statement is true? The mature archegonium has 4 neck cells arranged in two tiers of two cells each The mature archegonium has 8 neck cells arranged in two tiers of four cells each The mature archegonium has 4 neck cells arranged in one tier only The mature archegonium has 8 neck cells arranged in four tiers of two cells each Explanation:The archegonium of Pinus has a mature structure with 8 neck cells arranged in two tiers of four cells each, which is essential for the fertilization process in gymnosperms. 4. In Cycas which structure is equivalent to stamen? Microsporophyll Megasporophyll Microsporangium Male cone Explanation:In Cycas, the microsporophyll is equivalent to the stamen in angiosperms, as it bears the microsporangia that produce pollen grains. 5. Pollination in Cycas takes place by : Insects Wind Man Water Explanation:Pollination in Cycas is primarily anemophilous, meaning it is carried out by the wind. The male cones release pollen that is carried by the wind to the female cones. 6. In Cycas microsporangia are borne on: Upper surface of microsporophyll Lower surface of microsporophyll Apex of microsporophyll Margin of microsporophyll Explanation:In Cycas, microsporangia are found on the lower surface of the microsporophyll. This arrangement facilitates the release and dispersal of pollen grains. 7. Fruits are not found in Cycas because: There is no pollination There is no fertilization There is no ovary Seeds are not formed Explanation:Cycas does not produce fruits because it lacks an ovary. In gymnosperms, seeds are exposed and not enclosed within a fruit, which is a characteristic feature of angiosperms. 8. Cycas is : Monoecious Monoecious or dioecious None of the above Dioecious Explanation:Cycas plants are dioecious, meaning that individual plants are either male or female. This separation of sexes into different plants is a characteristic feature of Cycas. 9. Climbers are found in genus: Pinus Cycas Gnetum Ephedra Explanation:The genus Gnetum includes species that are climbers, unlike Cycas and Pinus, which are typically trees or shrubs. This climbing habit is an adaptation to their environment. 10. The spermatozoids of Cycas are : Small, lens-shaped and multiciliate Small, uniciliate and of ovoid-shape None of the above Large, top-shaped and multiciliate Explanation:The spermatozoids of Cycas are large, top-shaped, and multiciliate, which is a primitive feature among seed plants, allowing them to swim towards the egg. 11. Ginkgo biloba is a: Shrub Tree None of these Climber Explanation:Ginkgo biloba is a tree, known for its distinctive fan-shaped leaves and its status as a living fossil. It is the only surviving species of its genus and family. 12. Cycas is: Dioecious and seed bearing Monoecious and seed bearing Seedless dioecious Seedless monoecious Explanation:Cycas is dioecious, meaning individual plants are either male or female. It is also seed-bearing, producing seeds on female plants following fertilization. 13. Cycas is different from mango in : Green leaves Tree habit Seeds are not enclosed in fruit wall Presence of xylem Explanation:Unlike mango, which is an angiosperm with seeds enclosed in a fruit wall, Cycas is a gymnosperm with exposed seeds, not enclosed in any fruit structure. 14. What is the position of neck canal cells in Pinus? There are two neck canal cells There is only one neck canal cell Neck canal cells are absent There is one neck canal cell with two nuclei Explanation:In Pinus, neck canal cells are absent, which is a deviation from the typical structure found in other gymnosperms and some ferns. 15. Select the correct statement: (NEET 2016) Salvinia, Ginkgo and Pinus all are gymnosperms Gymnosperms are both homosporous and heterosporous The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extreme of climate Sequoia is one of the tallest trees Explanation:Sequoia, also known as the giant redwood, includes some of the tallest trees in the world. These trees can reach heights of over 300 feet, making them the tallest living organisms on Earth. 16. The young leaves of Cycas have : Circinate vernation Valvate vernation Twisted vernation Imbricate vernation Explanation:The young leaves of Cycas exhibit circinate vernation, where they are coiled inwardly at the tip, similar to the fronds of ferns. 17. Desired type of Cycas can be grown by: Seeds Spores Bulbils Ovules Explanation:Cycas can be propagated by bulbils, which are small bulb-like structures that develop on the plant. These bulbils can be detached and grown into new plants, allowing for the cultivation of desired types. 18. Which of the following is sago palm? Cycas rumphii Cycas revoluta Cycas siamensis Cycas circinalis Explanation:Cycas revoluta, commonly known as the sago palm, is widely cultivated for ornamental purposes and its starchy pith, which is processed into sago. 19. Winged seeds are found in : Pinus Cycas Absent in both Cycas and Pinus both Explanation:Winged seeds are found in Pinus, facilitating their dispersal by wind, which helps in the propagation of the species over a wide area. 20. Mucilaginous canals in Cycas are found in : Pith Cortex of stem Cortex and pith Vascular bundles Explanation:Mucilaginous canals in Cycas are found in the cortex of the stem, where they secrete mucilage that helps in the storage and transport of nutrients. 21. Proembryo in Pinus is : Four tiered Three tiered None of the above Two tiered Explanation:The proembryo in Pinus is four-tiered, consisting of a series of cell divisions that form the early stages of embryo development before differentiation into various tissues. 22. Non-porous wood for furniture is produced by: Cupressus Cycas Pinus and Cedrus Junipers Explanation:Non-porous wood, which is dense and durable, is produced by Pinus (pine) and Cedrus (cedar). This type of wood is highly valued for furniture making due to its strength and aesthetic appeal. 23. The megasporophyll of Cycas is equivalent to which part of Angiosperm? Sepal Stamen Carpel Petal Explanation:The megasporophyll of Cycas is equivalent to the carpel in angiosperms. It bears ovules, which, after fertilization, develop into seeds. 24. In Cycas the fertilization is: Siphonogamous followed by zooidogamous Zooidogamous Zoogamous followed by siphonogamous Only siphonogamous Explanation:In Cycas, fertilization involves both siphonogamy (pollen tube formation) and zooidogamy (movement of ciliated sperm). The pollen tube delivers the sperm close to the egg, where the ciliated sperm then swim to complete fertilization. 25. The number of neck canal cells in Cycas are: Four Two One but with two nuclei Nil Explanation:In Cycas, neck canal cells are absent, which is a deviation from the typical structure found in other gymnosperms and some ferns. 26. Pinus is: Dioecious Monoecious None of these Deciduous Explanation:Pinus is monoecious, meaning that individual trees bear both male and female cones. This allows for the production of both pollen and seeds on the same plant. 27. The roots of Cycas are : Coralloid and normal Adventitious Normal only Coralloid only Explanation:Cycas plants have two types of roots: normal roots that grow in the soil and coralloid roots that have a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria, aiding in nitrogen fixation. 28. Pinus microsporophyll bears: Many microsporangia on abaxial surface Two microsporangia on abaxial surface Many microsporangia on adaxial surface Two microsporangia on adaxial surface Explanation:The microsporophylls of Pinus bear many microsporangia on their abaxial (lower) surface. This arrangement allows for the production and release of a large number of pollen grains. 29. Dicot leaf-like reticulate venation occurs in leaves of: Pinus Cycas Gnetum Ephedra Explanation:Gnetum, a gymnosperm, exhibits reticulate venation similar to dicot leaves. This feature is unusual among gymnosperms and is more commonly associated with angiosperms. 30. Vegetative reproduction in Cycas is by means of : Bulbils Strobilus Fragmentation Gemmae Explanation:Cycas reproduces vegetatively through bulbils, which are small bulb-like structures that can develop into new plants when detached from the parent plant. 31. The stem of adult Cycas plant is covered with persistent leaf-bases which are : Permanent and are left by fallen old leaves Deciduous Temporary and left by the shedding of new leaves Permanent and are left by the shedding of old stems Explanation:The stem of an adult Cycas plant is covered with persistent leaf bases that remain after the leaves have fallen, providing protection to the stem. 32. Special feature of pollen grains of Pinus is : They are yellow coloured and are without air bladders They are yellow coloured and have two air bladders They are white and are without air bladders They are white and have two air bladders Explanation:Pollen grains of Pinus are yellow-colored and have two air bladders, which help them float in the air and enhance their dispersal by wind. 33. Cycas has two cotyledons but even then it is not classified as a dicot: It looks like a palm which is a monocot Because seeds are not enclosed in a fruit wall None of the above It has megasporophyll Explanation:Although Cycas has two cotyledons, it is not classified as a dicot because its seeds are not enclosed in a fruit wall. This is a defining characteristic of gymnosperms, distinguishing them from angiosperms. 34. The microsporophylls on the cone of Cycas are : Spirally arranged Scattered Alternately arranged Arranged opposite to each Explanation:The microsporophylls on the male cone of Cycas are spirally arranged, which is a common feature in many gymnosperms. 35. Winged pollen grains are found in : Pinus Cycas Absent in both Cycas and Pinus both Explanation:Winged pollen grains are a characteristic feature of Pinus, aiding in their dispersal by wind, which is essential for their anemophilous pollination strategy. 36. Ovules are not found enclosed in ovary in : Bryophyta Algae and Fungi Angiosperms Gymnosperms Explanation:In gymnosperms, the ovules are exposed and not enclosed within an ovary, which is a key distinguishing feature from angiosperms where ovules are enclosed within an ovary. 37. In Cycas: Male cones and megasporophylls are found on the same plant Male cones and megasporophylls are found on different plants Microsporophyll and megasporophylls are not differentiated Microsporophyll and megasporophylls are in the same cone Explanation:In Cycas, male cones and megasporophylls (female reproductive structures) are found on different plants, reflecting its dioecious nature. 38. Why is Cycas called a living fossil? Cycas looks like a fossil It is found only in China Some other Gymnosperms having Cycas-like characters are found as fossils It has ciliated sperms Explanation:Cycas is called a living fossil because it has retained many primitive features over millions of years, and similar plants are known from fossil records. This indicates that Cycas has changed very little over geological time. 39. The vascular bundles of Cycas stem are : Collateral and closed Conjoint Conjoint, collateral and closed Conjoint, collateral and open Explanation:The vascular bundles in the stem of Cycas are conjoint (containing both xylem and phloem), collateral (xylem and phloem are side by side), and open (capable of secondary growth). 40. In which order of Gymnosperms only fossils are present? Ginkgoales Cycadofilicales Gnetales Coniferales Explanation:The order Cycadofilicales, also known as seed ferns, is known only from fossils. These extinct plants had characteristics of both ferns and seed plants. 41. Cycas is similar to a mustard plant : In bearing seed In yielding oil In having coralloid roots In being self-pollinated Explanation:Both Cycas and mustard plants bear seeds, though they belong to different plant groups. Cycas is a gymnosperm, while mustard is an angiosperm. 42. The seed known by the name of ‘chilgoza’ that is used as dry fruit belongs to : Pinus gerardiana Cycas revoluta Zamia Cedrus Explanation:The ‘chilgoza’ seed, used as a dry fruit, comes from Pinus gerardiana, a species of pine tree found in the Himalayas. 43. Cleavage polyembryony is found in : Pinus Cycas Absent in both Cycas and Pinus both Explanation:Cleavage polyembryony, where multiple embryos develop from a single fertilized egg, is observed in Pinus, allowing for the potential development of multiple seedlings from one seed. 44. Inverted omega-shaped arrangement of vascular bundles is found in : Leaflet of Cycas Rachis of Cycas Old stem of Cycas Roots of Cycas Explanation:The rachis of Cycas exhibits an inverted omega-shaped arrangement of vascular bundles, a unique feature that aids in the identification of the plant. 45. The number of cotyledons in the embryo of Pinus are : One Two All of the above given are possible 3-15 Explanation:The embryo of Pinus typically has multiple cotyledons, ranging from 3 to 15, which is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms in the Pinaceae family. 46. In Cycas wood most of the tissue is made up of : Trachea Tracheids Equal amount of tracheids and trachea More trachea and some tracheids Explanation:The wood of Cycas is primarily composed of tracheids, which are elongated cells that help in the conduction of water and provide structural support. 47. Which is absent from the xylem of Cycas? Metaxylem Protoxylem Tracheids Tracheae Explanation:The xylem of Cycas lacks tracheae (vessels), which are typical of angiosperms. Instead, it contains tracheids, which are more primitive water-conducting cells. 48. Pollination drop is: Pollen grains suspended in a drop of water A bunch of pollen grains None of the above A liquid produced by disorganization of nucellar beak Explanation:The pollination drop in Cycas is a liquid produced by the disorganization of the nucellar beak. It captures and transports pollen grains to the ovule for fertilization. 49. Which have the largest antherozoid? Pinus Cycas Funaria Fern Explanation:Cycas has the largest antherozoids among the listed plants. These large, multiciliate sperm cells are a primitive characteristic and are essential for the fertilization process in Cycas. 50. The leaf of Cycas shows: Xerophytic characters Hydrophytic characters Lithophytic characters Mesophytic characters Explanation:Cycas leaves exhibit xerophytic characteristics, such as thick cuticles and sunken stomata, which help them survive in dry conditions. 51. The male gametes of Pinus are : Multiciliated Non-ciliated Ciliated or non-ciliated depending upon the presence or absence of water Biciliated Explanation:The male gametes of Pinus are non-ciliated, relying on the pollen tube to reach the egg for fertilization, unlike the ciliated sperm of some other plants. 52. Pinus gerardiana is : Monoecious with unisexual cone Dioecious Cone never develop Monoecious with bisexual cone Explanation:Pinus gerardiana is monoecious, meaning it has both male and female cones on the same plant, but the cones are unisexual. 53. The phloem of vascular system of Cycas is : With tracheids Devoid of sieve tube or sieve cells With sieve tubes and companion cells Devoid of companion cells Explanation:The phloem in Cycas lacks companion cells, which are typically found in the phloem of angiosperms. Instead, it contains sieve cells and albuminous cells. 54. Cycas plant in appearance resembles : Date palm Mango tree Ficus Peepal tree Explanation:Cycas plants resemble date palms in appearance due to their similar trunk and crown of large, pinnate leaves, although they are not closely related. 55. The secondary xylem of the vascular bundles of Cycas is usually : Of uncertain type Absent Of pycnoxylic type Of manoxylic type Explanation:The secondary xylem in Cycas is manoxylic, characterized by a large amount of parenchyma tissue and less lignified elements, which is typical of primitive gymnosperms. 56. The coralloid roots are : Phototropic Aerial Positively geotropic Apogeotropic Explanation:Coralloid roots in Cycas grow upwards towards the soil surface, a phenomenon known as apogeotropism. These roots house cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen. 57. In Cycas, the vascular bundle of a leaflet is : Pseudo mesarch Endarch or exarch Exarch Endarch Explanation:The vascular bundles in Cycas leaflets are pseudo mesarch, meaning they have a central protoxylem with metaxylem on both sides, a feature unique to some primitive plants. 58. Which condition is found in Cycas? Manoxylic, polyxylic (Polycyclic) Pycnoxylic, manoxylic Polyxylic, pycnoxylic Monoxylic, pycnoxylic Explanation:Cycas exhibits manoxylic wood, characterized by a large amount of parenchyma tissue, and polyxylic stems, meaning they have multiple vascular cylinders. These features are indicative of its primitive nature. 59. Pollination in Pinus is : Anemophilous Entomophilous Zoophilous Hydrophilous Explanation:Pollination in Pinus is anemophilous, meaning it is carried out by the wind. This adaptation allows for the efficient transfer of pollen over long distances. 60. Transfusion tissue is present in the leaflet of: Dryopteris Cycas Funaria Angiosperms Explanation:Transfusion tissue in Cycas leaflets helps in the lateral conduction of water and nutrients. It is located around the vascular bundles and is essential for the efficient transport of resources within the leaf. 61. Germination of the seed of Pinus is : Hypogeal Epigeal Both (a) and (b) are wrong Both (a) and (b) are possible Explanation:In Pinus, seed germination is epigeal, where the cotyledons emerge above the soil surface, aiding in photosynthesis during the early stages of seedling growth. 62. Reproduction in Cycas takes place by : Sexual method only Vegetative method only Fragmentation Both, by vegetative and sexual methods Explanation:Cycas can reproduce both vegetatively, through structures like bulbils, and sexually, through the production of seeds following fertilization. 63. Coralloid roots of Cycas is distinguished from Angiosperm roots by : Absence of algal zones Presence of algal zones Having xylem tissue Absence of pith Explanation:Coralloid roots of Cycas are distinguished by the presence of algal zones containing cyanobacteria, which are not found in the roots of angiosperms. 64. Shedding of pollen grains in Pinus takes place at : 3-celled stage 2-celled stage 1-celled stage 4-celled stage Explanation:In Pinus, pollen grains are shed at the 2-celled stage, consisting of a generative cell and a tube cell, which will later develop into the pollen tube and sperm cells. 65. Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of: (NEET 2016) Presence of vessels Thick cuticle Superficial stomata Broad hardy leaves Explanation:Conifers have a thick cuticle on their leaves, which reduces water loss and provides protection against extreme environmental conditions. This adaptation is crucial for their survival in harsh climates. 66. The male cone of Cycas is made up of a group of : Megasporophylls Microsporophylls Archegonia Sporophylls Explanation:The male cone of Cycas consists of microsporophylls, which bear microsporangia that produce pollen grains. 67. Which is a redwood tree? Pinus Cycas Sequoia Dalbergia Explanation:Sequoia, commonly known as the redwood tree, is famous for its immense size and longevity. It is not related to Cycas or Pinus but is a notable member of the gymnosperms. 68. In Gymnosperms endosperm is a: Post-fertilization structure Pre-fertilization structure There is no endosperm in angiosperms (a) and b) both are possible Explanation:In gymnosperms, the endosperm is formed before fertilization and is haploid. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo, unlike angiosperms where the endosperm is typically triploid and formed after fertilization. 69. Cycas revoluta is widely grown as : Ornamental plant Medicinal plant Oil-giving plant Wood yielding plant Explanation:Cycas revoluta is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and slow growth, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes. 70. The spur of Pinus roxburghii has : 2-needles 4-needles 5-needles 3-needles Explanation:Pinus roxburghii, commonly known as chir pine, has spurs with three needles, which is a distinctive feature of this species. 71. Diploxylic vascular bundles are found in: Dryopteris rhizome Funaria axis None of the above Cycas rachis Explanation:Diploxylic vascular bundles, characterized by having two types of xylem, are found in the rachis of Cycas. This feature is significant for the support and transport functions in the plant. 72. Simple polyembryony is found in : Pinus only Cycas only Absent in both Cycas and Pinus both Explanation:Simple polyembryony, where multiple embryos arise from different cells within the ovule, occurs in both Cycas and Pinus, enhancing the chances of successful seedling development. Loading …