Quiz_Fungi 1. The zygospores formed by the conjugation of gametangia are: Thick-walled and black Thin-walled and black Thin-walled and blue Thick-walled and green Explanation:Zygospores formed by the conjugation of gametangia in Rhizopus are thick-walled and black, providing protection and durability. 2. Which is a fungicide? Bordeaux mixture DDT Kinetin 2, 4-D Explanation:Bordeaux mixture, a combination of copper sulfate and lime, is a widely used fungicide to control fungal diseases in plants. 3. Reproduction in Rhizopus is: Only sexual Only asexual None of the above Vegetative, asexual and sexual Explanation:Rhizopus can reproduce through vegetative, asexual (sporangiospores), and sexual (zygospores) means, providing flexibility in its life cycle. 4. Which is an edible fungus? Rhizopus Agaricus Smut Puccinia Explanation:Agaricus, commonly known as the button mushroom, is an edible fungus widely cultivated for food. 5. The importance of study of parasitic fungi is that they are: Ornamental Used as food Condiments Cause of diseases Explanation:Parasitic fungi are studied primarily because they can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans, impacting agriculture and health. 6. The reserve food in yeast is in the form of: Oils and glycogen Proteins Carbohydrates and fats Starch Explanation:Yeast stores reserve food primarily as oils and glycogen, which are used for energy during periods of low nutrient availability. 7. Which of the following is wrong for fungi? (NEET 2016) They are both unicellular and multicellular They are heterotrophic All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall They are eukaryotic Explanation:Fungi do not possess a purely cellulosic cell wall; instead, their cell walls are primarily composed of chitin, distinguishing them from plants. 8. The Rhizopus gametes are formed in: Sporangiophores Mycelium Gametangia Suspensor cells Explanation:Gametes in Rhizopus are formed within gametangia, which are specialized structures for sexual reproduction. 9. For the production of which microbial action is not required? Curd Wine None of these Cheese Explanation:Wine production involves the fermentation of sugars present in grapes by yeast, primarily Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This microbial action converts the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Curd is produced through the fermentation of milk by lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. These bacteria convert lactose, the sugar in milk, into lactic acid. Cheese-making also involves microbial action. It typically begins with the addition of specific bacteria to milk, which ferment lactose into lactic acid. This process is often followed by the addition of rennet, which helps coagulate the milk proteins. 10. A control measure prior to the appearance of a particular disease comes under: Prophylactic measure Therapeutic measure Predisposition measure Curative measure Explanation:Prophylactic measures are preventive actions taken to avoid the onset of a disease, such as vaccination or the application of fungicides. 11. The most common method of vegetative reproduction in yeast is: By budding By ascogonium By fragmentation By forming ascospores Explanation:Yeast primarily reproduces vegetatively through budding, where a new cell forms as an outgrowth of the parent cell. 12. The fungi used as food are: Mushrooms Slime moulds Rust and smut Mildews Explanation:Mushrooms are a type of fungi that are widely consumed as food due to their nutritional value and culinary uses. 13. What is mycorrhiza? Symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the root of a higher plant Long thin root Parasitic fungus Stem which is like a root Explanation:Mycorrhiza refers to the mutualistic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant, enhancing nutrient and water uptake for the plant. 14. An excessive enlargement of diseased organ because of increase in the number of cells is called: Hyperplasia Hypertrophy Damping off Necrosis Explanation:Hyperplasia refers to the excessive enlargement of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the number of cells, often seen in plant diseases. 15. Yeast grows more rapidly in: Saline water Sugar solution Distilled water Cow dung Explanation:Yeast grows rapidly in sugar solutions because sugars provide an abundant source of energy for fermentation and growth. 16. Rhizopus, which is saprophytic by nature, is also known as: Smut Rust Pond silk Bread mould Explanation:Rhizopus is commonly referred to as bread mould because it frequently grows on bread and other starchy foods. 17. It is sometimes seen that conjugation between two hyphae of Rhizopus does not take place even in most favourable conditions because: The hyphae are of the same strain The gametangia have lost their sex organs The sex organs of conjugating hyphae are dead The hyphae are of different strains Explanation:Conjugation does not occur between hyphae of the same strain in Rhizopus because sexual reproduction requires genetic diversity from different strains. 18. Rhizopus and yeast are usually: Epiphytic Autophytic Saprophytic Parasitic Explanation:Both Rhizopus and yeast are saprophytic, meaning they feed on dead or decaying organic matter. 19. Black rust of wheat is caused by: Puccinia Yeast Rhizopus Penicillium Explanation:Black rust of wheat, also known as stem rust, is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which affects the stems, leaves, and grains of wheat. 20. Black rust of wheat is caused by: Cystopus Ustilago Aspergillus Puccinia Explanation:Black rust of wheat, also known as stem rust, is caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis, which affects the stems, leaves, and grains of wheat. 21. Aflatoxin is produced by: Aspergillus flavus Clostridium botulinum Agaricus bisporus Vibrio coma Explanation:Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogenic toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, commonly found in contaminated food products. 22. What is streptomycin? An enzyme A hormone A virus An antibiotic Explanation:Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. 23. Yeast belongs to class: Ascomycetes Deuteromycetes Basidiomycetes Zygomycetes Explanation:Yeast is classified under Ascomycetes, a class of fungi known for producing spores in sac-like structures called asci. 24. The disease apple scab is caused by: Venturia inaequalis Ustilago nuda Mucor pusillus Fusarium oxysporum Explanation:Apple scab, a common fungal disease affecting apple trees, is caused by Venturia inaequalis, leading to dark, scabby lesions on leaves and fruit. 25. Saccharomyces is used in: Bakery and wine industry Tanning of leather Preservation of leather Pasteurization of milk Explanation:Saccharomyces, a genus of yeast, is extensively used in the bakery and wine industries for fermentation processes. 26. A characteristic spore of Agaricus, a mushroom is known as: Basidiospore Conidium Pycniospore Ascospore Explanation:Basidiospores are the reproductive spores produced by Basidiomycetes, including Agaricus mushrooms. 27. Ergot of rye is caused by: Claviceps purpurea Claviceps macrouphala Erysiphe graminis Sclerospora graminicola Explanation:Ergot of rye, a disease affecting cereal grains, is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, producing toxic alkaloids. 28. White rust of crucifers is caused by: Phytophthora infestans Alternaria solani Fusarium moniliforme Albugo candida Explanation:White rust of crucifers, characterized by white pustules on leaves, is caused by the fungus Albugo candida, affecting crops like cabbage and mustard. 29. Disease-resistant plant varieties can be produced by: Hormonal treatment Heat treatment Crossing with wild varieties of plants Colchicine treatment Explanation:Disease-resistant plant varieties are often developed by crossing cultivated plants with wild relatives that possess natural resistance to pathogens. 30. The multinucleate and aseptate hypha of Rhizopus are known as: Homothallium Conidium Coenocytic Heterothallium Explanation:Coenocytic hyphae are multinucleate and lack septa, allowing for continuous cytoplasm flow within the hyphae. 31. LSD is: Depressant Tranquilliser Hallucinogenic agent Stimulant Explanation:LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is a potent hallucinogenic agent that alters perception, mood, and cognitive processes. 32. The parasitic fungi take their nutrition from their host with the help of: Paraphyses Soredia Fruiting bodies Haustoria Explanation:Haustoria are specialized structures that parasitic fungi use to penetrate host cells and absorb nutrients. 33. Facultative parasite is: Always parasite Parasite but may function as saprophyte Saprophyte but may function as a parasite Always saprophyte Explanation:Facultative parasites are organisms that primarily live as saprophytes but can adopt a parasitic lifestyle when conditions are favorable. 34. What is absent in Deuteromycetes? Sexual reproduction Spore Asexual reproduction Mycelium Explanation:Deuteromycetes, also known as imperfect fungi, are characterized by the absence of a known sexual reproductive stage. 35. Zoogametes are not found in: Funaria Rhizopus Cycas Fern Explanation:Zoogametes, motile gametes, are not found in Rhizopus, which reproduces through non-motile spores and gametes. 36. Which part of the plant is not affected by Albugo? Root Stem Flower Leaf Explanation:Albugo, a genus of fungi causing white rust, typically affects the aerial parts of plants such as stems, leaves, and flowers, but not the roots. 37. Which of the following causes smut disease in wheat? Cystopus Ustilago Aspergillus Puccinia Explanation:Ustilago is a genus of fungi known to cause smut disease in wheat, characterized by black, powdery fungal spores. 38. Columella is a specialized sterile structure found in sporangium of: Rhizopus Ulothrix Bacteria Spirogyra Explanation:The columella is a sterile structure in the sporangium of Rhizopus that supports the spore-producing cells. 39. Yeast is a source of: Riboflavin and vitamin C Vitamin C only Proteins Sugars Explanation:Yeast is rich in vitamins, particularly riboflavin (vitamin B2) and vitamin C, making it a valuable nutritional supplement. 40. Who discovered heterothallism in fungi? Bessey Robert Brown Alexopoulos Blakeslee Explanation:Heterothallism, the requirement of two different mating types for sexual reproduction in fungi, was discovered by Albert Blakeslee. 41. The sporangiophores in Rhizopus are: Aerial and found in groups Found embedded in the substratum Aerial and found singly In host body Explanation:Sporangiophores in Rhizopus are aerial structures that bear sporangia and are typically found in clusters. 42. A gill of Agaricus: Bears spores which help in reproduction Is meant for respiration Has no specific function Is equivalent to the gills of fishes Explanation:The gills of Agaricus mushrooms bear basidiospores, which are essential for the reproductive cycle of the fungus. 43. Fairy ring is the name given to: Ring of secondary xylem produced during spring season Young reproductive bodies of Agaricus present in a ring Ring-like thickening developed in the tracheids of plants A ring of thin-walled cells in the apical region of moss capsule Explanation:A fairy ring is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms, typically Agaricus, that appear in grasslands and forested areas. 44. The fungi that grow on wood are called: Eucarpic Epibiotic Epigeon Epixylic Explanation:Epixylic fungi are those that grow on wood, decomposing it and playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. 45. Saccharomyces ludwigii ascus produces: 4 ascospores 8 ascospores Large number of ascospores 16 ascospores Explanation:The ascus of Saccharomyces ludwigii typically produces 4 ascospores, which are haploid cells resulting from meiosis. 46. Rhizopus is also commonly known by the name of: Black mould Crown gall Blue mould Green mould Explanation:Rhizopus is a genus of common fungi known as black mould due to its characteristic dark sporangia. 47. The Rhizopus is: Heterothallic Homothallic None of these Both (a) and (b) Explanation:Rhizopus can be either homothallic (self-fertile) or heterothallic (requiring different strains for reproduction), depending on the species. 48. Discovery of penicillin was based on: Struggle for existence Biological antagonism None of the above Struggle for genotype Explanation:The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming was based on the principle of biological antagonism, where Penicillium mold inhibited bacterial growth. 49. When a fungus is able to pass its complete life cycle on one host it is called: Autoecious Heteroecious Heterosporous Heterothallism Explanation:Autoecious fungi complete their entire life cycle on a single host, unlike heteroecious fungi that require multiple hosts. 50. Spores formed at the tip of fungal hyphae are called: Arthospore Sporangia Zoospores Conidia Explanation:Conidia are asexual, non-motile spores formed at the tips of fungal hyphae, playing a key role in the dispersal and reproduction of fungi. 51. One of the major components of the cell wall of most fungi is: (NEET 2016) Peptidoglycan Chitin Hemicellulose Cellulose Explanation:Chitin is a major structural component of the cell walls of fungi, providing rigidity and strength, similar to the role of cellulose in plant cell walls. 52. The ascus of yeast contains: 2 ascospores 10 ascospores 1 ascospore 4 or 8 ascospores Explanation:The ascus of yeast typically contains 4 or 8 ascospores, depending on the species and environmental conditions. 53. Rhizopus belongs to: Ascomycetes Phycomycetes Deuteromycetes Basidiomycetes Explanation:Rhizopus is classified under Phycomycetes, a group of fungi characterized by their simple, non-septate hyphae. 54. Facultative saprophyte is: Always parasitic A parasite but can live saprophytically May acquire a parasitic mode if need arises Always a saprophyte Explanation:Facultative saprophytes are organisms that primarily live as parasites but can survive as saprophytes if necessary. 55. Pythium debaryanum is the causative agent of: Black wart disease of potato Powdery mildew Soft rot of sweet potato Damping off of seedling Explanation:Pythium debaryanum is a soil-borne pathogen that causes damping off, a disease leading to the death of seedlings due to root and stem rot. 56. Early blight of potato is caused by: Alternaria solani Phytophthora infestans Albugo candida Helminthosporium oryzae Explanation:Early blight of potato, characterized by dark spots on leaves and stems, is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. 57. Where does meiosis occur in yeast? In ascogonium In ascospore None of the above In ascus mother cell Explanation:In yeast, meiosis occurs in the ascus mother cell, leading to the formation of haploid ascospores within the ascus. 58. Pseudomycelium is found in: Mucor Agaricus Yeast Rhizopus Explanation:Pseudomycelium refers to a chain of yeast cells that resemble fungal hyphae but are not true mycelium. 59. The spores which are formed in the sporangium of Rhizopus are: Non-ciliated Ciliated Biflagellated Multinucleate-flagellated Explanation:The spores formed in the sporangium of Rhizopus are non-ciliated, meaning they lack hair-like structures for movement. 60. Mycelium is the name given to the plant body of: Fungi Algae Pteridophyta Bryophyta Explanation:Mycelium is the vegetative part of fungi, consisting of a network of hyphae that absorb nutrients from the environment. 61. Who discovered streptomycin? S. Waksman A. Fleming Alexopoulos J.D. Wasson Explanation:Streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis, was discovered by Selman Waksman, who received the Nobel Prize for this work. 62. Penicillin is obtained from: Penicillium notatum Penicillium chrysogenum None of the above From Both (a) and (b) Explanation:Penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic, is derived from both Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium notatum species. 63. Coenogamete is found in: Rhizopus Yeast Ulothrix Spirogyra Explanation:Coenogametes, multinucleate gametes, are found in Rhizopus, where they participate in sexual reproduction to form zygospores. 64. The mycelium of Rhizopus is: Aseptate and multinucleate Aseptate and binucleate None of the above Septate and nucleate Explanation:The mycelium of Rhizopus is characterized by being aseptate (lacking cross-walls) and multinucleate, allowing for extensive growth. 65. The chief enzyme found in the yeast cell is: Zymase Amylase Maltase Lipase Explanation:Zymase is a key enzyme complex in yeast cells that catalyzes the fermentation of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. 66. Penicillin was discovered by: Robert Koch Alexander Fleming C.J. Alexopoulos S. Waksman Explanation:Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, which revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. 67. The chief characteristic of class Ascomycetes is: Formation of zoospores Formation of spores Formation of ascus and ascospores Formation of sporangiospores Explanation:The defining feature of Ascomycetes is the formation of asci, which are sac-like structures that contain ascospores. 68. The life cycle of Saccharomyces ludwigii represents a typical type of life cycle: Haplobiontic Antibiotic Both, haplo and diplobiontic Diplobiontic Explanation:Saccharomyces ludwigii exhibits a diplobiontic life cycle, where both haploid and diploid stages occur, alternating between asexual and sexual reproduction. 69. The branch of Botany under which fungi are studied is known as: Parasitology Bacteriology Bryology Mycology Explanation:Mycology is the scientific study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, and their use to humans. 70. Severe famine of West Bengal of 1942-43 was due to destruction of rice crop by a fungus called: Helminthosporium Penicillium Puccinia Rhizopus Explanation:The severe famine in West Bengal during 1942-43 was caused by the destruction of rice crops by the fungus Helminthosporium oryzae, leading to widespread food shortages. 71. A disease is an abnormal state that may result due to: Mineral Environment All of these Pathogen Explanation:Diseases can result from various factors including environmental conditions, mineral deficiencies, and pathogens, leading to abnormal states in organisms. 72. The two conjugating gametangia of Rhizopus are: Morphologically different Physiologically different Morphologically and physiologically similar Both morphologically and physiologically different Explanation:The conjugating gametangia of Rhizopus are physiologically different, meaning they have distinct functional roles during sexual reproduction. 73. Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus is by: Conjugation between hyphae of two different strains Spores Zoospore formation Aplanospores Explanation:Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus involves the conjugation of hyphae from two different strains, leading to the formation of zygospores. 74. The sexual reproductive organs in Rhizopus are: Columella Sporangiophore None of the above Aplanogametangium Explanation:Aplanogametangium are the sexual reproductive organs in Rhizopus, involved in the formation of zygospores during sexual reproduction. 75. Zygospores may not be produced in Rhizopus due to: Absence of light Deficiency of O2 Presence of hyphae of + and – strains Absence of hyphae of + and – strains Explanation:Zygospores in Rhizopus are formed through sexual reproduction, which requires the presence of both + and – strains of hyphae. 76. The fungi are usually: Lithophytes Parasites or saprophytes Insectivorous Epiphytes Explanation:Fungi typically obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter, making them saprophytes, or by living as parasites on other organisms. 77. Yeast is different from Rhizopus and Penicillium in being: Unicellular Multicellular In having unseptate hyphae Acellular Explanation:Yeast is unicellular, unlike Rhizopus and Penicillium, which are multicellular fungi with filamentous structures. 78. The zygospore in Rhizopus on germination forms: Zygosporangium Zoosporangium None of these Azygosporangium Explanation:Upon germination, the zygospore in Rhizopus forms a zygosporangium, which subsequently produces haploid spores. 79. Sometimes a gamete of Rhizopus functions as zygospore. It is known as: Columella Oospore Parthenospore Bud Explanation:A parthenospore is a type of spore that can develop into a zygospore without fertilization, a process known as parthenogenesis. 80. If a disease appears on a large scale after a long interval it is: Epiphytotic Epidemic Endemic Sporadic Explanation:An epiphytotic disease is one that appears on a large scale in plant populations after a long interval, similar to an epidemic in humans. 81. Saccharomyces is well known for: Its being the cause of many plant and animal disease Industrial and medicinal importance Nitrogen fixing quality Its carbon fixing capacity Explanation:Saccharomyces is significant in industrial and medicinal contexts, particularly for its role in fermentation and biotechnology. 82. The most important property of yeast is: Distillation Fermentation Oxidation Reduction Explanation:Yeast is renowned for its ability to ferment sugars, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide, which is crucial in baking and brewing industries. 83. Metulae are found in: Aspergillus Penicillium Saccharomyces Agaricus Explanation:Metulae are secondary branches in the conidiophores of Penicillium, which bear chains of conidia (asexual spores). 84. Red rot of sugarcane is caused by: Helminthosporium Puccinia Colletotrichum Ustilago Explanation:Red rot of sugarcane, a serious fungal disease, is caused by Colletotrichum falcatum, leading to reddening and rotting of the cane. 85. Late blight of potato is caused by: Phytophthora infestans Alternaria solani Fusarium moniliforme Albugo candida Explanation:Late blight of potato, responsible for the Irish potato famine, is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, leading to severe crop losses. 86. The fungi are mostly: Holotrophic Autotrophic Heterotrophic Parasitic Explanation:Fungi are heterotrophic organisms, meaning they cannot synthesize their own food and rely on external organic sources. Loading …